Abstract
Salinity is generally investigated as a stress factor for growth, but not utilized for improving or increasing growth and development of <em>in vitro</em> plants. Salinity tolerated plants may generally resist or need low level of saline for their growth and development. These plants such as date palm can be growth promoted by incubating in low salinity level medium. This research investigated the level of salinity that could improve growth and development of embryogenic cultures of date palm cv. Malkaby. The effect of seawater levels (0.0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm.) were examined on callus fresh weight, number of secondary embryos, germinated embryos and leaves. In addition, percentage of rooting, root number, root length and root thickness were determined. Seawater at the level of 500 and 1000 ppm. enhanced callus fresh weight. However, 1500 ppm. achieved the highest number of secondary somatic embryos, germinated embryos, root percentage and root number. Leaf chlorophyll a, b and carotinoide, total indols, phenols, sugars and proline content of resulted plantlets could explain the results obtained.
Highlights
High salinity in the growing medium usually retards plant growth, yield and quality of horticultural crops
Callus cultures: Data in Table 1 show that, increasing levels of seawater from 0.0 to 1500 ppm. in subculture two, increased callus fresh weight per gram compared with the control
The highest callus fresh weight was produced from the levels of 500 or 1000 ppm. while, the lowest callus fresh weight was produced from the level of 2000 ppm (Fig. 1, the first row)
Summary
High salinity in the growing medium usually retards plant growth, yield and quality of horticultural crops. Salinity tolerant plants like date palm trees are preferred to utilize at these areas. Several studies were conducted to enhance somatic embryogenesis of date palm; some through changing of culture medium components (AlKhayri, 2010; Hassan et al, 2007; Hassan and Taha, 2012), technical methods (Othmani et al, 2009; Ibrahim et al, 2012) and pretreatments (Mustafa et al, 2013). Exposing to stress could be another method to improve growth and development of in vitro plants (Taha, 2009, in jojoba). This investigation aimed to study the effect of salinity in growth and development of embryogenic cultures of date palm cv.
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