Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the genotoxic potential of the oil of H. annuus L. (sunflower) seeds via the Ames test as well as its oxidative properties and lipid composition. The pre-incubation method, system metabolic activation (S9 fraction) and five S. typhimurium strains (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA102) were employed for the Ames test. The oxidative stability and fatty acid composition were analyzed by standard methods and gas chromatography. A revertant analysis showed no significant differences between the treatment doses (10–200 μl/plate) and the negative controls, regardless of S9+ and S9−, and included all of the S. typhimurium strains. Chromatographic analysis showed high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, followed by monounsaturated, saturated and total trans-isomers. Among the polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids predominated. The results suggest that the sunflower oil is not genotoxic as indicated by frameshift mutations and base pair substitutions regardless of the treatment dose, but shows dose-dependent toxicity. The oxidative properties of the sunflower oil were consistent with the requirements of national and international standards. However, its composition could also indicate phytotherapeutic properties.
Highlights
The cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the 67 species of the genus Helianthus and is a dicotyledonous plant and member of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family, having a typical composite flower [1]
To contribute to the information on the genotoxic potential of vegetable oils, this study evaluated the mutagenic effects of the pharmaceutical oil of H. annuus L. seeds in the Ames test using S. typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535
The present research has contributed to the toxicological profile of sunflower oil by presenting the results from a well conducted Ames test
Summary
The cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the 67 species of the genus Helianthus and is a dicotyledonous plant and member of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family, having a typical composite flower [1]. Sunflower seed oils are high in saturated. A limited number of investigations that investigated the genotoxic action of various oils, including sunflower seed oil, have gone unnoticed. Lymphocytes incubated with an aqueous extract of sunflower oil submitted to thermal stress exhibited high rates of chromosomal breakage and were significantly different from those of lymphocytes incubated with the same concentrations of the aqueous extract of sunflower oil in the absence of heat. In tests with HepG2 or HUVEC cells, sunflower oil subjected to heat stress was clastogenic and showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity [21]. (sunflower) seeds was confirmed by in vivo micronucleus assays in mouse bone marrow and was dose-independent, time-independent and sex-independent, except for the oil. Systemic toxicity of sunflower oil might be dependent on its origin and dose [22]
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