Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a steadily rising disease and is caused by oral bacterial pathogens able to form biofilm on implant surfaces and peri-implant tissues, making antibiotics treatment less effective. The use of commercial probiotics against oral pathogens could serve as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation. Streptococcus intermedius is one of the early colonizers of biofilm formation in dental implants. The aim of this study was to model the interaction between S. intermedius and Streptococcus salivarius strain K12, a probiotic bacterium producing bacteriocins. S. intermedius was co-cultured with S. salivarius K12 in an in vitro model simulating the biofilm formation in a dental implant composed by a titanium cylinder system. Biofilm formation rate was assessed by Real-Time PCR quantification of bacterial count and expression levels of luxS gene, used in response to cell density in the biofilm. Biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, luxS expression patterns were found to be already expressed within the first 12 h. More importantly, S. salivarius K12 was able to counter the biofilm formation in a titanium cylinder under the tested condition. In conclusion, our dental implant model may be useful for exploring probiotic-pathogen interaction to find an alternative to antibiotics for peri-implantitis treatment.
Highlights
The implementation of dental implants is due to edentulism, which causes the loss of masticatory function
6th−7th hours after inoculum when the presence of S. salivarius was able to interfere with the pathogen’s growth on the titanium cylinder, in the absence of its adhesion phase. This is in accordance with the bacteriocin production rate, observed from the 2nd and 6th hour in the S. salivarius growth curve (Figure 3a,b, Figures 4 and 5). These results show that bacteriocin production by probiotic bacteria appears crucial for the inhibition of dental implant biofilm, which is in accordance with other authors who have described the regulatory effect of bacteriocins in polymicrobial biofilms [58,59]
This study describes a preliminary approach to evaluate the interaction of S. salivarius K12 in a monomicrobial in vitro model of peri-implantitis
Summary
The implementation of dental implants is due to edentulism (partial or complete absence of teeth), which causes the loss of masticatory function. Ti-6Al-4V, and it represents one of the most durable materials in implantology [1,2] Titanium-based alloys have shown numerous benefits including high biocompatibility and durability, with a success rate of up to 99% in oral implantology registered in the last 10 years. Despite these advantages, the dental implants can become infected from oral pathogen bacteria, causing a chronic inflammatory process in soft tissues and around the osseointegration implant [3]. Infections remain a major reason for dental implant failure
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