Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of the Probiotic Strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 against Oral Potential Pathogens

Andrea Stašková,Miriam Sondorová,Marián Maďar,Jana Kačírová,Radomíra Nemcová

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10070793

Andrea Stašková, Miriam Sondorová + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070793

Copy DOI

Abstract

Oral probiotics are increasingly used in the harmonization of the oral microbiota in the prevention or therapy of various oral diseases. Investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocinogenic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 against oral pathogens shows promising results, not only in suppressing growth, but also in eliminating biofilm formation. Based on these findings, we decided to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the neutralized cell-free supernatant (nCFS) of S. salivarius K12 at various concentrations against selected potential oral pathogens under in vitro conditions on polystyrene microtiter plates. The nCFS of S. salivarius K12 significantly reduced growth (p < 0.01) in Streptococcus mutans Clarke with increasing concentration from 15 to 60 mg/mL and also in Staphylococcus hominis 41/6 at a concentration of 60 mg/mL (p < 0.001). Biofilm formation significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in Schaalia odontolytica P10 at nCFS concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibition (p < 0.001) was also observed in Enterobacter cloacae 4/2 at a concentration of 60 mg/mL. In Schaalia odontolytica P10 and Enterobacter cloacae 4/2, the nCFS had no effect on their growth.

Highlights

Bacteria are the predominant microorganisms in the resident oral microbiota
BLASTn analysis within the 16S rRNA variable region of the S. salivarius K12 isolate obtained from Bactoral confirmed its identity with S. salivarius at 99.72%
The results show that the isolated strain from the commercially available Bactoral preparation was successfully confirmed as S. salivarius K12

Summary

Introduction

Bacteria are the predominant microorganisms in the resident oral microbiota. The resident oral microbiota competes and excludes exogenous pathogens and contributes to the normal development of tissues and the immune system [1,2]. The homeostatic balance between host and microbial communities can be disturbed by many influences, which can lead to the development of oral diseases [3], such as dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis [4], pharyngotonsillitis, and others [5]. The cause of these diseases is mostly pathogenic bacteria found in the oral cavity. Potential oral pathogenic bacteria are able to form a biofilm, and such bacteria include Streptococcus mutans [6], Schaalia odontolytica [7], Staphylococcus hominis [8,9], and Enterobacter cloacae [10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion