Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), due to their unique structures and properties, may play an important role in biomedical applications. In vitro test is usually conducted as a preliminary screening evaluation of the hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity of HNTs for its short term consuming, convenience, and less expense. In this work, HNTs were processed with anticoagulated rabbit blood to detect its blood compatibility. The result of hemolysis test shows that the hemolysis ratios are below 0.5%, indicating nonhemolysis of HNTs. Plasma recalcification time suggests that HNTs are dose‐dependently contributing to blood coagulation in platelet poor plasma (PPP). The effect of platelet activation caused by HNTs was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, HNTs were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to observe its intracellular distribution in A549 cells under confocal microscopy. CCK‐8 test and TUNEL test of HNTs at different concentration levels were performed in vitro, respectively. Therefore, the potential usage of HNTs in medicine may be very meaningful in oral dosing, dermal application, dental uses, or medical implants.
Highlights
As a kind of naturally occurring nanomaterial, Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have obtained extensive research because of its distinctive tubular morphology and natural abundance
Internalization localization of HNTs inside A549 cells was observed under confocal microscope and both the hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity of HNTs were evaluated in this work
The results show that HNTs can readily internalize into live cells and aggregate together around nucleus region
Summary
As a kind of naturally occurring nanomaterial, HNTs have obtained extensive research because of its distinctive tubular morphology and natural abundance. HNTs are of the length of 0.5–1.5 μm, the inner diameter of 10–40 nm, and the outer diameter of 40–70 nm, respectively. The outermost surface of HNTs possesses similar chemical properties of SiO2, while the inner tubular surface is chemically similar to those of Al2O3 [3,4,5,6,7]. Considerable studies have been done to explore new application of HNTs in different fields, such as polymer nanocomposites [8,9,10,11,12,13], thermal resistance [14,15,16], and antifouling [17,18,19,20,21]. There has been lots of interest in utilizing the properties of HNTs for promising biomedical applications
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