In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of four root canal sealers on dental biofilms.

Abstract

To dynamically evaluate the effect of four root canal sealers on the killing of biofilms within dentinal tubules. Dentin blocks were prepared for infection of the dentinal tubules. Enterococcus faecalis VP3-181 and multi-species bacteria from two donors were cultured. After 3days of incubation, the infected dentin specimens were rinsed with sterile water for 1min and subjected to treatment. Additionally, multi-species bacteria from donor 1 were incubated for 3weeks to allow biofilm maturation and then the specimens were subjected to treatment. Gutta-percha-treated dentin specimens comprised the control group. A root canal sealer (bioceramic sealers: EndoSequence BC Sealer, ProRoot Endo Sealer, or GuttaFlow Bioseal; and a traditional silicone-based sealer: Guttaflow 2) was spread onto the canal walls of the dentin. The specimens were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy at 7, 30, or 60days. In the 3-day-old biofilm group, the proportion of killed bacteria decreased significantly from the first 7days of treatment to 60days of treatment for all sealers (p < 0.05). In the 3-week-old biofilm group, 60days of exposure to bioceramic sealers resulted in more significant dead bacteria than 7-day exposures of the biofilms (p < 0.05). Bioceramic sealers were more effective in killing bacteria than the GuttaFlow 2 sealer (p < 0.05). Calcium silicate-based sealers showed good antimicrobial effects against biofilms within dentinal tubules, especially in the first week in young biofilms. There is no substantive antibacterial activity observed for the examined root canal sealers against young dentinal tubule biofilms. The bioceramic root canal sealers examined demonstrate minimal additional antibacterial effects after long-term exposure to young biofilms.