Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.
Highlights
Ticks are parasites with economic importance for bovine and other domestic species in tropical and subtropical countries (MUHAMMAD et al, 2008)
The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively
Acaricide resistance in ticks has become a major problem throughout the world and has been detected in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus against almost all the registered pesticides indicated for use against this parasite (CASTRO-JANER et al, 2009)
Summary
Ticks are parasites with economic importance for bovine and other domestic species in tropical and subtropical countries (MUHAMMAD et al, 2008). Blood spoliation, reduced weight gain, and transmission of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale cause severe economic losses for livestock farmers (GRISI et al, 2014) The control of this parasite often requires the use of intense chemical acaricides that select for resistant populations (RODRÍGUEZ-VIVAS et al, 2006). 1,8-cineole is an oxygenated monoterpene that acts on cell membranes, mainly through its hydrophobicity (HONÓRIO et al, 2015) This terpene exists, at varied concentrations, in several essential oils with acaricidal activity (PRATES et al, 1998; CHAGAS et al, 2002; SOARES et al, 2016). Studies comparing the essential oils of plants with intermediate concentrations of 1,8-cineole (24 to 35%) are scarce, and understanding of how this compound participates in the activity of natural oils remains obscure
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