Abstract
Biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria is an important factor of resistance to antimicrobial treatments, allowing them to survive for a long time in their hosts. In the search for new antibiofilm agents, in this work we report the activity of a copper (I) complex, [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4, synthesized with Cu (I) and NN1, an imine ligand 6-((quinolin-2-ylmethylene)amino)-2H-chromen-2-one, a derivate of natural compound coumarin. The antibacterial and antibiofilm capacity was evaluated in Vibrio harveyi BB170 used as model bacteria. Antibacterial activity was measured in vitro by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) determination. Antibiofilm capacity of copper (I) complex was analyzed by different concentrations of IC50 values. The results showed that the sub-IC50 concentration, 12.6 µg/mL of the copper (I) complex, was able to reduce biofilm formation by more than 75%, and bacterial viability was reduced by 50%. Inverted and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 complex affected the biofilm structure. Therefore, the copper (I) complex is effective as an antibiofilm compound in V. harveyi BB170.
Highlights
Microorganisms can occur in two forms, planktonic or sessile [1]
Biofilm corresponds to the sessile estate and is developed from microbial adhesion to a surface followed by the formation of cell clusters or microcolonies that mature and stabilize in a matrix structure of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), composed of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA [2]
The results revealed differences in the bacterial growth according to different compound treatments with respect to the untreated control (0 μg/mL) (Table S1 shows the statistical values from Figure 2)
Summary
Microorganisms can occur in two forms, planktonic or sessile [1]. Biofilm corresponds to the sessile estate and is developed from microbial adhesion to a surface followed by the formation of cell clusters or microcolonies that mature and stabilize in a matrix structure of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), composed of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA) [2]. The EPS structure provides protection against environmental stressors, decreasing microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial treatments compared to its planktonic form [1,3,4,5]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is able to colonize the human lungs and form biofilm, which does not respond to antibiotic treatment and causes persistent infections [6]. The presence of biofilm forming bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. causes contamination in food processing equipment, bringing contamination and significant gastrointestinal infections
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