Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the new bioactive compounds through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and the cytotoxic activity of two rodent tuber mutant plants against breast cancer cells (MCF-7).
 Methods: The bioactive compounds in rodent tuber mutant plants were successfully increased by somaclonal variation using gamma rays irradiation technique. Further, the cytotoxicity activity of rodent tuber mutant plants was tested on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) performed by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method.
 Results: This results study confirmed that the presence of phytochemical composition in the tuber of rodent tuber mutant plants KB 6–1–3–4 and KB 6–9–5 was found six bioactive compounds from fatty acid groups which have the potential as an anticancer compound, such as octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecanoic acid, linolelaidic acid methyl ester, and butanoic acid. The results showed that extracts from rodent tuber mutant plants had a cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cancer cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values that were lower than the control (mother plant). In vitro tests of KB 6–1–3–4 and KB 6–9–5 against MCF-7 cancer cell lines have IC50 values of 12.482 μg/mL and 7.043 μg/mL, respectively, while it had a lower cytotoxicity effect with the IC50 value of control plant was 19.113 μg/mL. The mutant plants of KB 6-9-5 have 3 times more effective than control.
 Conclusion: The results of this study clearly indicated that rodent tuber mutant plants have shown promising as an anticancer drug on breast cancer.
Highlights
Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is the Araceae family and classified as herbal plants [1]
This study evaluated that the phytochemical composition in the tubers of KB 6–1–3–4 and KB 6–9–5 mutant clones was increased and found new bioactive compounds which not present in the control plant (Table 1)
The results of this study revealed that six bioactive compounds from fatty acid have potential as anticancer activity is octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecanoic acid, linolelaidic acid methyl ester, and butanoic acid (Table 2)
Summary
Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is the Araceae family and classified as herbal plants [1]. Many studies investigated that rodent tuber has bioactive compounds as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents [2,3,4]. Rodent tuber was found to possess useful anticancer activities such as in breast, intestine, prostate gland, liver, leukemia, and cervix [2,5,6]. In vitro mutagenesis was carried out using a combination of gamma-ray irradiation and somaclonal variation to increase the bioactive compounds in rodent tuber plants. The rodent tuber mutant plants have morphology changes [7], genetic changes [8,9], and protein expression changes [10]. Morphological, genetic, and protein expression changes can reinforce the bioactive compounds in mutant plants. Sianipar and Purnamaningsih [11] had investigated that bioactive compounds in several mutant clones from Bogor have been increased
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