In vitro corrosion behavior of TiN layer produced on orthopedic nickel–titanium shape memory alloy by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation using different frequencies

Abstract

In the present work, the NiTi surface was modified by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) in an effort to improve the corrosion resistance and mitigate nickel release from the materials. The implanted nitrogen depths and thicknesses of the surface TiN barrier layers were varied by changing the pulsing frequencies during PIII. In order to determine the optimal parameters including the pulsing frequencies, electrochemical tests including open circuit potential (OCP) measurements and potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted on the untreated and N-implanted NiTi in simulated body fluids (SBF). Our results reveal that the nitride layer produced using a frequency of 50 Hz has the best stability under the OCP conditions and the TiN layer produced using 200 Hz has the highest potentiodynamic stability after immersion in SBF for a long time. The observation can be correlated to the temperature during PIII and the thickness of TiN layer. The TiN layer on the NiTi surface favors deposition of Ca–P composites thereby compensating for the instability of the TiN layer produced at a higher frequency.