In vitro conservation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ubá and Carlota cvs. through culturing immature embryos.

Fernanda V.D Souza,Clovis P Peixoto,Everton H Souza,Celma C Rebouças

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020190400

Abstract

The in vitro rescue of immature embryos can be employed both for preservation of mango germplasm and rescue of hybrids produced from crosses to obtain traits of interest. The objective of this work was to establish a protocol for in vitro rescue of immature embryos aiming to preserve mango germplasm. Immature embryos of two mango varieties, 'Carlota' and 'Ubá', were inoculated in MS/2 medium supplemented with 100 mg L-1 of cysteine, 0.5 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid (AG3) and 30 g L-1 of sucrose. The experimental design was completely randomized with 30 repetitions, each composed of two embryos/flask. After in vitro growth for 84 days, some of the plantlets were transferred for acclimatization. The parameters evaluated were plant height, number of leaves and leaf, stem and root dry weight. The germination began on the sixth day after seeding, and the immature embryos presented a high oxidation rate, with 60% oxidized after 72 hours. The plantlets from immature embryos showed better development than those from aborted embryos. The results showed the viability of rescuing mango embryos in the immature phase and of their in vitro conservation for a period of 12 months.

Highlights

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most popular tropical fruits worldwide (FAOSTAT 2020), and global output in 2018 reached roughly 55,384 metric tons, with the leading countries being India, with 40.7%, China (10.4%), Thailand (8%), Mexico (4.8%) and Indonesia (3.9%) (Altendorf 2017).For the purpose of supporting genetic improvement programs and efficient germplasm conservation, various studies have been carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of mango, including the development of a genetic map (Samal et al 2012, Alves et al 2016, Kuhn et al 2017)
India maintains the world’s largest and most representative mango germplasm collection, at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) in Bangalore, with around 728 accessions maintained in the field (ICAR-IIHR 2018)
The germination began on the sixth day after seeding, and the immature embryos presented a high oxidation rate, with 60% oxidized after 72 hours (Table I)

Summary

Introduction

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most popular tropical fruits worldwide (FAOSTAT 2020), and global output in 2018 reached roughly 55,384 metric tons, with the leading countries being India, with 40.7%, China (10.4%), Thailand (8%), Mexico (4.8%) and Indonesia (3.9%) (Altendorf 2017).For the purpose of supporting genetic improvement programs and efficient germplasm conservation, various studies have been carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of mango, including the development of a genetic map (Samal et al 2012, Alves et al 2016, Kuhn et al 2017). Due to the importance of the crop and the large number of improvement programs, germplasm banks under field conditions are maintained by various institutions, in countries such as India, Brazil and Australia India maintains the world’s largest and most representative mango germplasm collection, at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) in Bangalore, with around 728 accessions maintained in the field (ICAR-IIHR 2018). These plants are kept in the field in clonal form, on rootstocks that vary depending on the collection. The maintenance of these varieties in the field is important, it is costly and laborious, and the plants are vulnerable due to biotic and abiotic

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Results