Abstract
Aneuploidy often presents large variations in morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics owing to karyotypic imbalance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aneuploid breeding in <em>Echinacea purpurea</em> L, an important medicinal plant. Reciprocal crosses between diploid and triploid plants were performed to generate aneuploid plants. Cross with triploid as female parent resulted in increased production of aneuploid individuals (19 of 23; 82.61%), while using diploid as female parent yielded much higher percentage of diploid progenies (130 of 133; 97.74%). Each aneuploid had particular karyotypic characteristics compared to the parents. The proportions of median, submedian, and subterminal centromere location chromosomes in gross chromosomes among aneuploids and two parents showed large variations. Although aneuploids had relatively lower adventitious bud regeneration rates than their parents, almost half of them looked morphologically normal, with high survival rates when transplanted to ex vitro conditions. Among the bioactive compounds assessed, cichoric acid and chlorogenic acid contents were extremely encouraging. Most aneuploids had higher cichoric acid and chlorogenic acid contents than their parents. For example, A2 had the highest cichoric acid content of 21.98 mg/g dry weight, more than twice the values of diploid and triploid. Meanwhile, A21 had the highest chlorogenic acid content of 1.84 mg/g, approximately five times more than the parental values. Eleven superior aneuploid lines were successfully screened as breeding candidates. The present findings indicated <em>E. purpurea</em> is highly tolerant of karyotypic imbalance and aneuploid plants could serve as prospective breeding resources in <em>E. purpurea</em>.
Highlights
In the breeding field, ploidy manipulation is a valuable tool for crop quality improvement; and polyploidy, especially tetraploidy induction has been adopted as an efficient breeding strategy [1,2]
Ploidy state of progeny seedlings obtained from crosses between diploid and triploid Reciprocal crosses between triploid and tetraploid did not set seed
Among the 156 progeny seedlings obtained in reciprocal crosses, 21 aneuploid seedlings had continuous chromosome numbers, ranging from 23 to 31
Summary
Ploidy manipulation is a valuable tool for crop quality improvement; and polyploidy, especially tetraploidy induction has been adopted as an efficient breeding strategy [1,2]. Li et al / Evaluation of aneuploids as breeding resources aneuploidy. Gene dosage balance in aneuploidy is disrupted and may bring about events such as chromosomal rearrangements, DNA sequence changes, and gene expression changes [3,4]. These abnormalities lead to multiple variations in plants, including morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics [5]. A portion of aneuploids grow healthily and serve as cultivated resources, as demonstrated for Betula humilis [6] and many garden chrysanthemum cultivars [7]
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