Abstract
Control of denture plaque biofilms is a practical approach to preventing persistent oral infections such as denture stomatitis. Objectives. This study compared in vitro biofilm attachment and growth on a new denture material, Ultaire® AKP, with that on traditional denture materials including cobalt chrome (CoCr), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyoxymethylene (POM). Methods. Microbial biofilms were grown with cultures of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans UA159, or a mixed Streptococcus spp. (S. mutans 700610/Streptococcus sanguinis BAA-1455) for 6 hours in a static protocol or 24 hours in a dynamic protocol for each material. Adherent biofilm cells were removed, and viable colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Confocal microscopy of the 24-hour Streptococcus spp. biofilms was used to determine biofilm mass and roughness coefficients. Results. The rank order of C. albicans attachment after 6 hours was CoCr > PMMA∗ > Ultaire® AKP∗ (∗vs CoCr, p ≤ 0.05), and that for 24-hour biofilm growth was CoCr > Ultaire® AKP∗ > PMMA∗ (∗vs CoCr, p ≤ 0.05). The rank order of S. mutans biofilm attachment was CoCr > POM > Ultaire® AKP∗ > PMMA∗ (∗vs CoCr, p ≤ 0.05), and that for the 24-hour Streptococcus spp. biofilm growth was POM > Ultaire® AKP > PMMA > CoCr∗ (∗vs POM, p ≤ 0.05). Confocal images revealed structural differences in Streptococcus spp. biofilms on CoCr compared with the other test materials. Significantly lower roughness coefficients of Streptococcus spp. biofilms on Ultaire® AKP were noted, suggesting that these biofilms were less differentiated. Ultaire® AKP promoted significantly less C. albicans and S. mutans biofilm attachment than CoCr at 6 hours and C. albicans growth at 24 hours. Streptococcus spp. biofilms on Ultaire® AKP were less differentiated than those on other test materials. Conclusion. In addition to its material strength, Ultaire® AKP represents an attractive option for denture material in removable partial dentures.
Highlights
In developed countries, analysis of the epidemiological data on edentulism levels [1], as well as the social [2, 3] and economic [4] impact of tooth loss, suggests a global need for custom-manufactured removable partial dentures (RPDs).e materials used in RPD construction are ideally nontoxic, nonirritating, resistant to abrasion, and able to withstand repeated masticatory forces through excellent mechanical strength, resilience, and elastic properties [5]. ese include metal (cobalt chrome (CoCr)), acrylic resin polymers (polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)), and acetal resin polymers (polyoxymethylene (POM))
E test microorganisms used for single-species biofilms were S. mutans UA159 grown in Brain Heart Infusion Broth and C. albicans ATCC 90028 grown in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth
Coupons were precoated with artificial saliva (100 mL, composed of 1.0 g Lab Lemco, 5.0 g proteose peptone, 2.0 g yeast extract, 0.35 g NaCl, 0.2 g CaCl2, 0.2 g KCl, 2.5 g Mucin type III, and 1.3 mL of 40% w/v urea) for 30 minutes at 37°C and placed in multiwell culture plates containing respective growth media. e wells were inoculated with either C. albicans (1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) or S. mutans (1 × 106 CFU/mL), and all plates were incubated at 37°C for 6 hours
Summary
Analysis of the epidemiological data on edentulism levels [1], as well as the social [2, 3] and economic [4] impact of tooth loss, suggests a global need for custom-manufactured removable partial dentures (RPDs). In addition to mechanical properties, the ability of an RPD material to resist oral biofilm attachment and colonization is important. E development or modification of denture materials to resist biofilm growth would reduce the need for treatment of oral inflammation and diseases caused by denture-related biofilm [20]. ® Ultaire AKP demonstrates elasticity and flexural strength superior to those of current RPD polymer materials (e.g., PMMA and POM) and is similar to CoCr in its resistance to water sorption and solubility, high impact strength, and heat resistance (data on file; Solvay Dental 360 ). ® and biofilm growth on Ultaire AKP by oral microorganisms and compare it with those on three traditional denture materials: cobalt chrome (CoCr), acrylic resin (PMMA), and acetal resin (POM). Biofilm attachment and growth were evaluated by the standardized biofilm assays, and the COMSTAT image analysis program was used to quantify and statistically compare the 3-dimensional attributes of the biofilms
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