In Vitro Assessment of Kurdish Rice Genotypes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

Didar Rahim,Ladislav Havel,Petr Tarkowski,Vaclav Trojan,Tomáš Vyhnánek,Dana Abdulkhaleq,Petr Kalousek,Nawroz Tahir,Ahmad Hama Ameen

doi:10.3390/app10134471

Didar Rahim, Ladislav Havel + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134471

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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is productively affected by different environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stress. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic distinction among Kurdish rice genotypes using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and to perform in vitro tests to characterize the drought tolerance of six local rice genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.38 to 0.84 with an average of 0.56. The genetic distance ranged from 0.33 to 0.88. Drought stress had a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on callus growth parameters. Enzymatic antioxidant systems were predicted and exhibited a significant variation. The findings revealed that proline levels increase in proportion to polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. Kalar and Gwll Swr genotypes showed the worst performances in phenotypic and biochemical traits, while Choman and Shawre exhibited the best phenotypic and biochemical performances. A positive and substantial relationship between callus fresh weight (CFW) and callus dry weight (CDW) was found under stressful and optimized conditions. Callus induction (CI) was positively and significantly associated with the catalase activity (CAT) in all stressed treatments. Based on the results for callus growth and the biochemical parameters under stress conditions, a remarkable genotype distinction, based on the tolerance reaction, was noted as follows: PEG resistant > susceptible, Choman > Shawre > White Bazyan > Red Bazyan > Gwll Swr > Kalar. The CI and CAT characteristics were considered as reliable predictors of drought tolerance in rice genotypes.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) refers to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family of monocotyledonous plants
The results showed that 11 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers produced 3.18 polymorphic alleles per locus across the 6 samples, and the highest number alleles (5.00) were detected in SSR RM443
As indicated by the results, the minimum values of Callus induction (CI), callus fresh weight (CFW), and callus dry weight (CDW) were revealed by Red Bazyan. These findings indicate that the rice genotypes react differently to drought and the responses of genotypes depend on polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) refers to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family of monocotyledonous plants. It is one of the world’s three strategic crops and forms the staple diet of more than half of the world’s population. The global cultivation of rice has been evaluated to be about 850 million tons, and the rice-growing area is estimated to be 256 million hectares. Asia is the leading producer of rice in the world, accounting for around 90% of the world’s crops [1].

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