In vitro anti-oxidant property and reduction of hyperglycemia-induced oxidation by hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica in cultured mesangial cell lines

Abstract

The pathology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is due to long-term poor blood sugar control leading to changes in the filtration unit of the kidneys. However, drugs used to offer renal protection cause many side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new drug or food supplement that acts on multiple factors of DN. Studies have confirmed that Phyllanthus emblica (PE) has anti-diabetic, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anti-atherosclerosis, liver protection, kidney protection, and neuroprotection properties. In this study, we explored the antioxidant activity and ability to maintain redox balance in MES-13 cell line. We performed DPPH and FRAP assay to detect the antioxidant property of PE. SDS-PAGE was performed to understand the changes in the types of protein of the glomerular cells treated (24 hr) with high sugar (25 mM) with/without PE extract (10 & 100 μg/ml). Oxidative stress in cells was detected by RedCC-1 staining. Significant antioxidant activity was shown by the extract (IC50 – 108.9 μg/ml) compared to Trolox (IC50 – 60.9 μg/ml). The protein pattern of high glucose (25 mM) treated cells significantly reduced compared to normal and PE treated cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular oxidative stress produced by high glucose (intensity - 222.04 units) supplementation was significantly reduced by PE (intensity - 38.67 units). In conclusion, PE extract possesses an antioxidant property that can reduce the glomerular damage and oxidative stress in the cells caused by high glucose exposure