In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) bracts and receptacles ethanolic extract

Abstract

Abstract Globe artichoke extracts are rich in bioactive ingredients that use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. The present work was focused on determination of phenolic profile, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Globe artichoke bracts and receptacles ethanolic extracts. Bracts and receptacles ethanolic extracts were prepared by successive extraction method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined followed by quantification the phenolic profile using HPLC. Also, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties were evaluated. The bracts ethanolic extract exhibit higher total phenolic and flavonoid (56.3 and 755.4 μg mL−1, respectively) than receptacles extract. Thirteen phenolic compounds were found in bracts extract and catechin was the major (16.04 mg mL−1), while eight compounds were found in receptacle extract. Bracts and receptacles ethanolic extracts showed antibacterial activity against 7 species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria with MIC values ranged from 0.08 to 0.77 mg mL−1 and antifungal activity against 8 species of mycotoxigenic fungi with MIC values 0.87–4.16 mg mL−1. Globe artichoke bracts extract showed strong antioxidant activity including DPPH (6.42 μg mL−1), ABTS (32.7 μg mL−1) and FRAP (209.1 μmol mL−1), comparing to receptacles extract which had 28.2, 39.24 μg mL−1 and 493.9 μmol ml−1 with DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, respectively. Similar trends were observed against cancer cell lines, bracts extract had higher activity against HepG2 and MCF7 (0.514 and 0.847 mg mL−1, respectively) than receptacles (0.661 and 0.1.724 mg mL−1, respectively), while both extracts have not activity against HCT116 cell lines. Globe artichoke bracts and receptacles had sufficient amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities which could be one of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications pillars.