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Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of leaves-extracted essential oil of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le (L. domatiophorus), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas and antiviral effects. The essential oil was obtained using hydrodistillation, with an average yield of 0.34 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). There were 52 constituents as identified by GC/MS with available authentic standards, representing 96.74% of the entire leaves oil. The essential oil was comprised of three main components, namely viridiflorene (16.47%), (-)-δ-cadinene (15.58%) and γ-muurolene (8.00%). The oil showed good antimicrobial activities against several species: Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) and Enterococcus faecalis, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) values from 0.25 to 1% (v/v); Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (two strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MIC and MLC values between 2% and 8% (v/v); and finally Candida species, having MIC and MLC between 0.12 and 4% (v/v).Antitrichomonas activity of the oil was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.008%, 0.016% and 0.03% (v/v), respectively, after 48h of incubation. The essential oil resultedin being completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+ (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV-B4), ssRNA- (hRSVA2, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses with EC50 values over 100 µg/mL. This is the first, yet comprehensive, scientific report about the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the essential oil in L. domatiophorus.
Highlights
Medicinal plants have received a great deal of scientific attention over the past decades due to their low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and promising pharmacological properties [1]
We aimed to study the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from leaves of
Extraction Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil In L. domatiophorus leaves, the average yield of hydrodistilled essential oil was of 0.34 ± 0.01%, calculated on a dry weigh of three samples
Summary
Medicinal plants have received a great deal of scientific attention over the past decades due to their low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and promising pharmacological properties [1]. Plants 2020, 9, 453 efforts have been made on researching the great potentials of plant-extracted phytochemicals as well as their influences on human health [1,2] In this regard, the extractions of essential oils from plants have brought about numerous medicinal values attributed to their useful biological and pharmacological activities [1,3]. Essential oils are aromatic oily liquid compounds extracted from different parts of the plants [4]. More than 3000 essential oils have been documented, among them 300 found to be used in many applications, such as pharmacy, food industry, cosmetics and perfumes [6] Some of those have been proved to treat certain organ and systemic disorders [3]. Thereby, recent studies have encouraged the use of plant-based extracts, such as essential oils, for the treatment of infectious diseases to overcome the pressing antibiotic resistance, while reducing many side effects of chemically synthetic molecules [10]
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