Abstract
Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of syringic acid (SA). 
 Methods: SA was tested for it's in vitro anti-inflammatory activity at different concentrations in protein denaturation, proteinase inhibition and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay. The reference drugs used were aspirin and diclofenac sodium.
 Results: SA showed concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 49.38±0.56 µg/ml and 53.73±0.27 µg/ml respectively. Heat-induced haemolysis was inhibited by SA with an IC50 value of 57.13±0.24 µg/ml. SA also inhibited the hypotonicity-induced haemolysis (IC50 value of 53.87±0.72 µg/ml).
 Conclusion: From the present study, we can conclude that SA possesses appreciable anti-inflammatory effect against denaturation of proteins, proteinase activity, and human red blood membrane stabilization assays. Further studies are required for determining the possible mechanisms behind its anti-inflammatory action.
Highlights
Inflammation is the protective mechanism present in the body against injury or damage
Protein denaturation is a well-known cause of inflammation
The inhibition of protein denaturation by syringic acid (SA) was produced in a dose-dependent manner
Summary
Inflammation is the protective mechanism present in the body against injury or damage. In case of an injury to a particular tissue, the adjacent tissues take part in the process of inflammation, to heal the affected tissue. There are a number of agents that may damage or kill the cells, such as trauma, heat, cold, radiation, certain chemicals like acids or organic poisons such as paraquat. The release of chemical mediators like prostaglandins, histamine, serotonin, kinins, and cytokines present at the site of injury is responsible for triggering the inflammatory response. These mediators are known as biological messengers that act on the inflammatory cells and contribute to the development of the inflammatory response. The complex process of inflammation involves an increase in the vascular permeability, denaturation of proteins and alteration in the membrane stability of the injured cells [2]
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