Abstract
Myracrodruon urundeuva is a plant native to Brazil, which is used by the indigenous population for the treatment of candidiasis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antifungal activity of extract against human vaginal Candida species and evaluate the possible toxicological activities of M. urundeuva. Initially, ethanol extracts, ethyl acetate fractions, and hydroalcoholic fractions of the bark and leaf of M. urundeuva were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The extracts that showed antifungal activity were characterized by liquid chromatography and subjected to toxicity assessment. Toxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic testing were performed using Allium cepa and Ames assays with the ethanol extracts of the bark and leaves. Hemolytic activity was evaluated in erythrocytes and acute toxicity in rats. The ethanol bark extracts showed best activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis ATCC (4-512 µg/mL). Chemical characterization indicated the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extracts. Hemolytic activity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity were not observed. The results of the Ames and A. cepa tests were also in agreement, ethanol bark extracts and ethanol leaf extracts of M. urundeuva showed absence of mutagenic activity. Similar results were observed in the A. cepa assay and acute toxicity test in rats. M. urundeuva bark extracts showed potential for the treatment of vaginal infections caused Candida species, as a topical.
Highlights
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection among women causes physical and psychological discomfort relevant in women’s health
M. urundeuva of bark extracts showed best antifungal activity against C. albicans, major yeast associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis (Ilkit and Guzel 2011), the leaves extract showed no activity for this species (Table I)
Ethanol extracts bark showed the best antifungal activity compared to its fractions, Jandú et al (2013) reported the bark methanol extract of M. urundeuva showed inhibitory effects against bacteria and fungi at concentrations 390-3190 mg/L
Summary
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection among women causes physical and psychological discomfort relevant in women’s health. Due to the characteristic symptoms of infection, women perform selfdiagnosis and seek treatment alternatives as sitz bath with natural products. Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) is popularly known as aroeira, and can be found in Brazil (northeast, southeast, and mid-west regions), Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina (Lorenzi and Matos 2008). It the bark infusion is used by the indigenous population of Brazil for the treatment of vaginal infections. According to reports of the indigenous women of the village Jaguapiru, the infusion of the bark as sitz bath promotes symptom relief (Lopes 2011). Studies have reported that extracts of this plant have an antifungal activity (Jandú et al 2013)
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