In vitro Antibacterial Activity of &lt;i&gt;Manilkara hexandra&lt;/i&gt; (Sapotaceae) Seed Extracts and Violacein against Multidrug Resistant &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus mutans

Krishna Patel,Arwa Kaizer Ali,Vijay Kothari,Nishith Nair

doi:10.18311/jnr/2015/466

Abstract

Extracts of the Pongamia pinnata, Manilkara hexandra, and Pyrus pyrifolia seeds prepared by microwave assisted extraction method, and the violet pigment- violacein extracted from Chromobacterium violaceoum were screened for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.M. hexandra extracts were able to inhibit both the test strains of S. mutans used in this study with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 600-800 µg/mL. These extracts exerted bactericidal action against S. mutans with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 600-900 µg/mL. Acetone extract of M. hexandra seeds registered highest average total activity of 231.20 mL/g. Extraction efficiency was found to have a moderately good correlation with antibacterial activity. Violacein exerted bactericidal action with MIC and MBC of less than 2 µg/mL against both the strains.

Highlights

Introduction duringwehpiclehptcicosnesitziuturetseJtuhicee macatsjoars pcuormgaptiovneeanntd othfethe matrixIpomoea reniformis (IR) called as merremia root isofhadveinngtadliuprleatqicu, elaxaantidvecaacntioanlsoansderavpepliaesd cinarbohydrateDemeanrtgailnactaari(eBsuramnd. f.p) eisriaodporonctuaml dbeisnetahsersbabrelotnwgoingof tthhe disseoausercoefsthfoereoyetsheanrdorgaulmsps e[4c]ie. s
Seeds of M. hexandra, and P. pyrifolia were procured during October, 2013 to February, 2014, from the fruits purchased from local market in the city of Ahmedabad
Solvent was evaporated from the filtered extract and the dried extracts were reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for antimicrobial assay

Summary

Introduction

Introduction duringwehpiclehptcicosnesitziuturetseJtuhicee macatsjoars pcuormgaptiovneeanntd othfethe matrixIpomoea reniformis (IR) called as merremia root isofhadveinngtadliuprleatqicu, elaxaantidvecaacntioanlsoansderavpepliaesd cinarbohydrateDemeanrtgailnactaari(eBsuramnd. f.p) eisriaodporonctuaml dbeisnetahsersbabrelotnwgoingof tthhe disseoausercoefsthfoereoyetsheanrdorgaulmsps e[4c]ie. s. An important t*hAeuthdoormforincoarnretspmonedmenbceers of the oral microbiota, and are consideration in the use of antibiotics to treat plaque-. Finding novel products (including those of plant origin) active against cariogenic microbes like S. mutans is important as even some commercially available dentifrice products are reported not to be effective against their biofilms. Listerine® mouth wash, Cymbopongon citrates (lemon grass), Plectrantus amboinicus (mexican mint), and Conyzabonariensis(hairy fleabane) tinctures were reported to possess no inhibitory action against the dental biofilm-forming bacteria [4]. Not so appreciable antimicrobial activity in Listerine®, while complete lack of antimicrobial activity in Toss-K and Senquel-AD against four different dental caries pathogens (including S. mutans strain employed in our work) was reported by Aneja et al [5]. Plant products effective against oral pathogens like S. mutans can find use as ingredients in chewing sticks, toothpastes or other dentifrice products

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion