In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity ofCalotropis proceraleaf extract onEimeria papillataoocysts sporulation and sporozoite

Abstract

AbstractNatural products play an important role as environmentally friendly agents that can be used against parasitic diseases. ManyEimeriaspecies cause eimeriosis in poultry. The negative effects of synthetic anti-coccidiosis medications necessitate the quest for alternative treatments derived from medicinal plants in the treatment of eimeriosis. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects ofCalotropis proceraleaf extract (CPLE) (Madar) on the sporulation ofEimeriaoocysts and sporozoites that affect mammalian jejunum and to obtain the best concentration for sporulation inhibition and infection prevention. Extracts were testedin vitroto prevent oocyst sporulation, wall deformity, and anti-sporozoite activity withEimeria papillata. The plant-chemical compounds analysis of CPLE some active compounds were shown as well as CPLEin vitroeffects at various concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25,12.5, and 6.25 mg/mL), while potassium dichromate solution 2.5% and Toltrazuril 25 mg/mL were administered as the control groups.C. proceraleaf extract showed the highest inhibitory percentage onE. papillataoocyst at 200 mg/mL of extract, approximately 91%. In addition, CPLE showed the sporozoite highest viability inhibitory percentage onE. papillataat 200 mg/mL of extract, approximately 88%, and the lowest efficacy was 5% at 6.25 mg/mL. Also, we noticed the deformation and destruction of the oocyst wall based on the concentration rate. Sporulation inhibition rate is significantly affected by incubation time and treatment concentration ratio. The results showed that Madar has an effective, inhibitory potential, and protective effect on coccidian oocyst sporulation and sporozoites ofE. papillata.