Abstract
Androgenesis has become the most frequently chosen method of doubled haploid (DH) production in major crops. Theoretically, plantlets derived from in vitro cultured microspore encompass halfof the normal chromosome number of donor plants and thus, considered to be haploid. However, depending on species/genotype and the method of haploid production, either via anther or isolated microspore culture, different ratios of spontaneous DHs and diploid (2n) or even polyploid plants originating from somatic tissues or unreduced gametes may also arise in the cultures. Adopting the method of haploid identification, anti-microtubular agent for restoring fertility, and discriminating spontaneous DHs from undesired heterozygote plants will substantially affect the success of androgenesis in breeding programs. The recent advances in the last 2decades have made it possible to characterize the in vitro regenerants efficiently either prior to genome duplication or using in breeding programs. The herein described approachesand antimicotubular agents are, therefore, expected to improve the efficiency of DH-based breeding pipeline through the in vitro androgenesis.
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