Abstract
The novelty of this study is the addition of an ultrathin layer of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) on oxygen plasma modified poly(lactic–co–glycolic) (PLGA) membranes (PO2) in order to evaluate the efficiency of this novel material in bone regeneration. Methods: Two groups of regenerative membranes were prepared: PLGA (control) and PLGA/PO2/HA (experimental). These membranes were subjected to cell cultures and then used to cover bone defects prepared on the skulls of eight experimental rabbits. Results: Cell morphology and adhesion of the osteoblasts to the membranes showed that the osteoblasts bound to PLGA were smaller and with a lower number of adhered cells than the osteoblasts bound to the PLGA/PO2/HA membrane (p < 0.05). The PLGA/PO2/HA membrane had a higher percentage of viable cells bound than the control membrane (p < 0.05). Both micro-CT and histological evaluation confirmed that PLGA/PO2/HA membranes enhance bone regeneration. A statistically significant difference in the percentage of osteoid area in relation to the total area between both groups was found. Conclusions: The incorporation of nanometric layers of nanostructured HA into PLGA membranes modified with PO2 might be considered for the regeneration of bone defects. PLGA/PO2/HA membranes promote higher osteosynthetic activity, new bone formation, and mineralisation than the PLGA control group.
Highlights
The use of physical barriers to prevent the invasion of gingival and connective tissue cells into bone cavities during the healing process is called guided bone regeneration (GBR) [1]
The morphology of of membranes is quite flat, with an force roughness value ofwater less than by analysis surface topography through atomic roughness value of less than 1 nm obtained by analysis of surface topography through atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Microscopy (AFM). surfaces in Group 2 were first exposed to pure oxygen plasma for periods of 30
Summary
The use of physical barriers to prevent the invasion of gingival and connective tissue cells into bone cavities during the healing process is called guided bone regeneration (GBR) [1]. Tissue engineering enables the fabrication of membranes that mimic the structural properties of the original tissues, providing stable support to the extracellular matrix [2]. The application of polymeric biodegradable materials has become a common practice, there is limited knowledge of the behaviour of the osteoblastic cells in them [3,4]. Poly(lactic–co–glycolic) (PLGA) copolymers, of all of the existing membranes, show good bone adhesion, vascularity, biodegradability and the ability of osteoblastic cells to grow on the surface of in vitro cultivations [5]. PLGA is known to be degraded by hydrolysis and eliminated in the Krebs cycle in the form of carbon dioxide and water.
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