Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that has the ability to repair minor injuries via regeneration. However, large bone defects with limited regeneration are debilitating conditions in patients and cause a substantial clinical burden. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an alternative method that mainly involves three factors: scaffolds, biologically active factors, and cells with osteogenic potential. However, active factors such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are costly and show an unstable release. Previous studies have shown that compounds of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) can effectively promote regeneration of bone defects when administered locally and systemically. However, due to the low bioavailability of these compounds, many recent studies have combined TCM compounds with materials to enhance drug bioavailability and bone regeneration. Hence, the article comprehensively reviewed the local application of TCM compounds to the materials in the bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. The compounds included icariin, naringin, quercetin, curcumin, berberine, resveratrol, ginsenosides, and salvianolic acids. These findings will contribute to the potential use of TCM compound-loaded materials in BTE.
Highlights
Critical-sized bone defects caused by severe trauma, infections, tumors, and genetic disorders that cannot be spontaneously repaired within a patient’s lifetime are a major clinical challenge and require external intervention to guide and accelerate the healing process (Roddy et al, 2018)
A study demonstrated that various amounts of curcumin/ bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded poly-L-lysine/hyaluronic acid hydrogels resulted in increased MG-63 cell proliferation after 3 days of culture, and by controlling the amounts of curcumin and BMP-2, the hydrogels showed better osteogenesis with higher in vitro ALP activity and calcium deposition and better in vivo new bone regeneration, as shown by micro-CT analyses
The effective concentration of the compounds is different for different cells, with the help of these materials, the drug can maintain the appropriate concentration with continuous and controlled release, promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of various cells with osteogenic potential, and inhibit the activity of osteoclasts by regulating different signal pathways
Summary
Critical-sized bone defects caused by severe trauma, infections, tumors, and genetic disorders that cannot be spontaneously repaired within a patient’s lifetime are a major clinical challenge and require external intervention to guide and accelerate the healing process (Roddy et al, 2018). The icariin-loaded SIS affected osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by upregulating the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (Alp, Bsp, and Ocn) and resulted in a higher new bone formation ratio in mouse calvarial defect models than the raw SIS scaffolds at 4 and 8 weeks (Li M. et al, 2017).
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