In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Starfish Bone-Derived β-Tricalcium Phosphate as a Bone Substitute Material.

Haruka Ishida,Takashi Takizawa,Atsushi Sobajima,Naoto Saito,Manabu Tanaka,Takayuki Kamanaka,Hisao Haniu,Akari Takeuchi,Katsuya Ueda,Mahoko Sano

doi:10.3390/ma12111881

Abstract

We evaluated starfish-derived β-tricalcium phosphate (Sf-TCP) obtained by phosphatization of starfish-bone-derived porous calcium carbonate as a potential bone substitute material. The Sf-TCP had a communicating pore structure with a pore size of approximately 10 μm. Although the porosity of Sf-TCP was similar to that of Cerasorb M (CM)—a commercially available β-TCP bone filler—the specific surface area was roughly three times larger than that of CM. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed that pores communicated to the inside of the Sf-TCP. Cell growth tests showed that Sf-TCP improved cell proliferation compared with CM. Cells grown on Sf-TCP showed stretched filopodia and adhered; cells migrated both to the surface and into pores. In vivo, vigorous tissue invasion into pores was observed in Sf-TCP, and more fibrous tissue was observed for Sf-TCP than CM. Moreover, capillary formation into pores was observed for Sf-TCP. Thus, Sf-TCP showed excellent biocompatibility in vitro and more vigorous bone formation in vivo, indicating the possible applications of this material as a bone substitute. In addition, our findings suggested that mimicking the microstructure derived from whole organisms may facilitate the development of superior artificial bone.

Highlights

Bone is a tissue with excellent regenerative ability; supplementation is necessary for reconstruction of bone defects that cannot be naturally healed due to fracture or tumor resection.Autologous bone grafting can be used to compensate for defects
We evaluated the physical properties of starfish-derived β-tricalcium phosphate (Sf-TCP) and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the potential applications of Sf-TCP as a bone substitute material
Our results showed that Sf-TCP induced significant improvement in cell proliferation compared with the control or Cerasorb M (CM) treatments

Summary

Introduction

Bone is a tissue with excellent regenerative ability; supplementation is necessary for reconstruction of bone defects that cannot be naturally healed due to fracture or tumor resection. Autologous bone grafting can be used to compensate for defects. In this method, grafts are harvested from a healthy part of the patient and transplanted into the defective part of the bone. Because the graft itself has bone-forming ability, the process after transplantation is usually effective. Materials 2019, 12, 1881 disadvantages, such as pain and deformation at the collection site. Problems such as infection and immune response arise when allogeneic bone grafting and heterogeneous bone grafting are used [1]

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