In utero exposure to dietary emulsifier alters the behavioral activity in offspring

Abstract

ObjectivePediatric mental health disorder is a combination of neuroinflammatory conditions with unknown etiology and currently, there are less awareness on the impacts of food additives on pediatric neuroinflammatory conditions and adolescent mental health disorders. Food additives such as dietary emulsifier (DE) (polysorbate 80, carrageenan and maltodextrin) are added to a variety of processed foods, and their consumption has increased dramatically worldwide which could be a risk factor for pediatric mental health disorders. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the impact of maternal exposure to food additives associated pediatric mental health and the underlying mechanism.Materials and MethodsBehavioral testing such as tail flick assay, radial arm, rotarod and hot plate assay was done on the offspring from both control and DE exposed mice for the impaired motor activity, pain sensitivity and cognitive behavior. Colonic microbial composition was determined through 16sRNA pyrosequencing of fecal DNA samples from control and in utero DE‐exposed offspring. Level of pro inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue as well as the serum sample was measured using Multianalyte cytokine assay kit from Qiagen.Summary of ResultsOur results show that in utero exposure to DE leads to decreased brain sizes and impaired motor learning in the offspring. Additionally, in utero exposure to DE leads to decreased pain sensitivity as a sign of stress in offspring. In utero exposure to DE shows on onset of cognitive impairment in offspring. In utero exposure to DE leads to an elevated M1 macrophage cytokine profile and CLGI symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract of offspring. In utero exposure to DE leads to gut dysbiosis in offspring. Among the DE‐exposed adolescents, the male offspring had significantly higher impact on these parameters compared to the DE‐exposed female offspring. In utero exposure to DE leads to imbalance in serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) in the Offspring.ConclusionOur data suggest that maternal exposure to food additive is associated with the male biased cognitive impairment and neurobehavioral changes in the offspring. In future, we will determine the specific mechanism responsible for the sex specific alternation in offspring born to DE exposed mother to develop a preventative and therapeutic strategies.