Abstract
The Chuankou tungsten ore field is situated in the central area of the Xuefeng Uplift Belt in South China. The deposit is characterized by two types of tungsten mineralization: quartz-scheelite veins in both the Neoproterozoic Banxi Group and Devonian Yanglin’ao Formation and quartz-wolframite (scheelite) veins in the Chuankou granite. The host rocks of the Chuankou tungsten Deposit of South China are similar to the stratigraphic sequence of Au-Sb-W deposits in the Xuefeng Uplift Belt. It is thus an appropriate location for the study of scheelite mineralization in the belt, especially the relative contributions of surrounding rocks, magma and hydrothermal fluids. Optical Microscope-Cathodoluminescene (OM-CL) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometers (LA ICPMS) were used to examine scheelite textures and trace element concentrations in the Chuankou deposits. Scheelite in quartz-scheelite veins was formed over three generations. In situ LA-ICPMS trace elemental analyses of scheelite I show light rare earth element (LREE)-rich REE patterns and negative Eu anomalies, suggesting a relatively close fluid system. Significantly positive Eu anomalies of scheelite II and III indicate variable degrees of addition of meteoric water during scheelite precipitation. Therefore, ore-forming fluids of the Chuankou deposit were dominantly magma-derived, with different contributions of recycled meteoric water in the surrounding strata.
Highlights
Scheelite is one of the most common ore minerals in the tungsten deposit
When calculating the (Eu)N *, we use (Eu)N * = square (Sm + Nd) N. Detailed scheelite texture both under microscopy and Optical Microscope-Cathodoluminescene (OM-CL) are shown in Figure 4A–D and Figure 5A–D, respectively
A total of 274 scheelite spots on 25 samples were analyzed, and trace element concentrations were obtained by LA-ICPMS and are described in Supplementary Table S1
Summary
Scheelite is one of the most common ore minerals in the tungsten deposit. Scheelite crystals have tetrahedral symmetry (WO4 )2− and irregular dodecahedra [CaO8 ]14 , in which W6+ and Ca2+ are found in octagonal coordination. Due to its internal crystal structure, scheelite contains many trace elements such as Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, REE, Mo, Pb, Th and. The substitution mechanisms in scheelite have been widely studied [1,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11]. The REE distribution patterns and total REE concentrations in scheelite play an important role for investigating their precipitation processes and ore-forming mechanisms. Europium anomalies were identified in many deposits and can be used to indicate the temperature of scheelite crystallization, the substitution mechanism and the Na activity during
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