Abstract
A simple, low cost and transferable colloidal processing method and the subsequent heat treatment has been optimized to prepare binder-free electrodes for their application in supercapacitors. NiO/Ni core–shell hybrid nanostructures have been synthetized by heterogeneous precipitation of metallic Ni nanospheres onto NiO nanoplatelets as seed surfaces. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been used to shape the electroactive material onto 3D substrates such as Ni foams. The method has allowed us to control the growth and the homogeneity of the NiO/Ni coatings. The presence of metallic Nickel in the microstructure and the optimization of the thermal treatment have brought several improvements in the electrochemical response due to the connectivity of the final microstructure. The highest specific capacitance value has been obtained using a thermal treatment of 325 °C during 1 h in Argon. At this temperature, necks formed among ceramic-metallic nanoparticles preserve the structural integrity of the microstructure avoiding the employment of binders to enhance their connectivity. Thus, a compromise between porosity and connectivity should be established to improve electrochemical performance.
Highlights
Recent studies on energy storage devices are giving rise to constant progresses in nanoscience.New features of hybrid/electric vehicles and the intermittent renewable energies production need storage devices, such as supercapacitors
The NiO/Ni core‐shell nanostructures were synthetized by inducing heteroprecipitation of Ni onto the NiO nanoplatelets suspension by reduction of the Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O with hydrazine in basicThe medium under US and temperature control
NiO/Ni coreshell nanoparticles with a length diameter ranging
Summary
New features of hybrid/electric vehicles and the intermittent renewable energies production need storage devices, such as supercapacitors. For these applications, the electrodes should be able to provide high power density, excellent reversibility and long cycle life. Pseudocapacitors, relayed on transition-metal oxides and conducting polymers, which store the energy through faradic reactions on the electrode surface in the appropriate potential window. Transition metal oxides are robust and present higher capacitances and better cyclability. Because of these reasons, metal oxides have been proposed as an interesting alternative
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