In situ Gels for Periodontitis: An Overview

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ABSTRACT A successful approach for periodontitis treatment is in situ gel administration, which delivers medication to the site of infection in a controlled and continuous manner. Researchers used components such as zein, borneol, piperine, and curcumin to create a formulation. The formulations demonstrated antimicrobial effects and were designed to target the inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis in periodontitis. Polymers such as gellan gum, alginic acid, xyloglucan, pectin, chitosan, poly (D Lactic acid), poly (DL-lactide co glycolide), and polycaprolactone are commonly used polymers to prepare the In situ gel formulation , which enables prolonged medication and Controlled release. In the presence of ions, alginic acid gels are biocompatible. Whereas pectin gels are used in the presence of calcium ions, xyloglucan gels are used in response to temperature fluctuations. To increase the efficacy of the treatment, the studies sought to enhance gel characteristics such as gelation temperature, thickness, and drug release rate. The improved formulations showed anti-inflammatory solid effects and efficient drug delivery for periodontal conditions by significantly reducing pocket depth, plaque, and gum inflammation. The direct application of in situ gels offers targeted delivery, few side effects, and self-administration; the review focuses on the benefits, advantages, and disadvantages of in situ gel administration for periodontitis, as well as the characteristics of tooth physiology, preparation techniques, and polymers and biomarkers used. Assessments of in situ gels: To significantly improve periodontitis treatment, future research should focus on clinical studies to contribute substantially to periodontitis treatment.