Abstract
To overcome the strength-plasticity trade-off in the structural titanium alloys, a novel metastable β titanium alloy Ti-5Mo-4Cr-1V-1Zr (Ti-5411) with high strength and high plasticity was designed by the d-electrons theory, average electron-to-atom ratio (e/α‾) and atomic radius difference (Δr‾) theory. Combined in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the deformation mechanisms of the novel Ti-5411 metastable β titanium alloy were systematically investigated. The results show that the Ti-5411 alloy exhibits excellent yield strength (∼689 MPa), tensile strength (∼930 MPa) and total elongation (∼39%). The in-situ tension indicates that slip activities, crystal rotation, stress induced martensite (SIM) α″ transformation and {332}<113> deformation twin are the major deformation mechanisms of Ti-5411 alloy. Besides, with the increase of strain degree (0–0.5 mm displacement), deformation twins increase, widen and interlace. At 0.35 mm tensile displacement, the orientation of the β grains rotates ∼6.65° to accommodate the increased macrostrain. Additionally, martensite α″ also assists the nucleation of twins. Some {332}<113> twins grow and merge by consuming martensite α″ during deformation, and the residual martensite α″ remains in the merged twins.
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