In-silico analysis of cattle blood transcriptome to identify lncRNAs and their role during bovine tuberculosis

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not code for functional proteins. Although, genes play a vital role in immune response against a disease, it is less known that lncRNAs also contribute through gene regulation. Bovine tuberculosis is a significant zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in cattle. Here, we report the in-silico analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data of calves infected with M. bovis. A total of 51,812 lncRNAs were extracted across all the samples. A total of 216 genes and 260 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed across all the 4 conditions—infected vs uninfected at 8- and 20-week post-infection (WPI), 8 vs 20-WPI of both infected and uninfected. Gene Ontology and Functional annotation showed that 8 DEGs were annotated with immune system GOs and 2 DEGs with REACTOME immune system pathways. Co-expression analysis of DElncRNAs with DEGs revealed the involvement of lncRNAs with the genes annotated with Immune related GOs and pathways. Overall, our study sheds light on the dynamic transcriptomic changes in response to M. bovis infection, particularly highlighting the involvement of lncRNAs with immune-related genes. The identified immune pathways and gene–lncRNA interactions offer valuable insights for further research in understanding host–pathogen interactions and potential avenues for genetic improvement strategies in cattle.