Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. Blood may be noticed in vomiting or in altered form as black stools. Depending on the amount of blood loss, symptoms may include shock. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by stomach ulcers, gastric erosion, esophageal varices, and less common causes such as stomach cancer. Initial assessment includes measurement of blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood tests to determine hemoglobin.
Full Text 
Sign-in/Register to access full text options
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Published version (
Free)
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
