Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have broad use in various industries, including the military, healthcare, and automation, because of their ability to assume control without human intervention. Most WSN projects use ambient sensors that take power from various sources to avoid the hassle of constantly replacing or charging batteries. Power efficiency and long network life are directly tied to routing methods. Hierarchical routing has been studied in academia, with the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) being the most popular option for enhancing WSNs' utility. This study includes our review of LEACH and its offspring strategies for WSNs and a historical summary of the protocols developed from LEACH's hierarchical routing design.
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