Abstract
Creep cavity nucleation at second phase particles in iron and steel is examined in the light of recent theoretical and experimental results. Theoretical considerations show it to be extremely unlikely that thermal nucleation will occur at Fe/sub 3/C, FeO or Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles, or that athermal nucleation will take place at Fe/sub 3/C particles. Consistent with this, it is experimentally found that carbides and oxides almost never nucleate cavities in iron and steel, as long as harmful impurities like sulfur are not present In the presence of segregated impurities like sulfur, oxides do nucleate cavities, but there is insufficient data to determine whether this is because the impurities make thermal or athermal nucleation easier. Finally, sulfides are thought to be nonwetting in iron and steel. As a result, there should be no barrier to thermal nucleation at sulfides, and experiments show that sulfides do nucleate cavities with great ease in iron and steel.
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