Abstract
The physiology or otherwise of blood circulation is predicated on the electrical conduction of the heart. As a rule electrical impulse suffusing the cardiac cells, just like all time-dependent phenomena, transmits with a modicum of time delay. Such delay may be physiological (benign) or pathological; the later is seen as a cardiac liability. This paper treated impulse conduction delay in the cardiac system. A set of matrices resulting from the graph theoretic description of the conduction system was generated and fitted into a continuous time invariant state-space delay equation, and a state-transition matrix solution was sought. An input control-based minimization scheme by which ensuing deleteriousness of pathological delay could be assuaged was proposed.
Highlights
Impulse transmission is a notable neuronal and cardiac occurrence
In neurology such delay may be normal in axonal conduction time when an action potential (AP) travels from an active site near the neuronal soma to the axon terminals [2,3].Such conduction delays may be created by several different factors, such as variation in membrane time constants, number of synapses, and some associated length scales[4]
In the cardiac conduction system (CCS), the onset of each phase of AP is preceded by a benign impulse transmission delay
Summary
Impulse transmission is a notable neuronal and cardiac occurrence. In fine, the overall vivacity of animated cells is attributable to a balanced electrical impulse budget. The cardiac conduction system (CCS) is a network of bio-electric process. All time-based events such as electrical impulse have some element of time delay. In the cardiac conduction system (CCS), the onset of each phase of AP is preceded by a benign impulse transmission delay. This is the refractory period of the AP. While cell-to-cell benign delays are recorded within transmission time (such as seen during impulse transmission at atrioventricular (AV) junction so as to enhance full contraction of the a trial chambers [6,7]), pathological delays are observable in the event of cardiac anomalies. The study showed the effect of a single line failure of electric flow on the other lines This is similar to any arc/nodal transmission failure in the cardiac conduction system. The control of the system may be of a linear control type
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