Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse (SB) was pretreated using the microwave-induced hydrothermal method (MIHM), ultrasonic pretreatment, dilute-acid hydrolysis, and organosolv processes, and subsequently modified using a combination of epichlorohydrin, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylenediamine, and triethylamine to synthesize anion exchangers. The characteristics of AE with different pretreatment methods were investigated using proximate and ultimate analysis, Zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetics of nitrate removal by different AE at a pH of 7.0 were well linearized with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and thermodynamics at pH of 4.0 and 7.0 was best fitted using Langmuir isotherm and the Dubinin–Radushkevich model. Results confirmed that all pretreatments enhanced the modification of SB and that the optimum pretreatment was MIHM, with the highest nitrogen content (8.20%) and nitrate sorption capacity (95.7 mg/g at pH 4.0 and 100.2 mg/g at pH 7.0).
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