Abstract
BackgroundFermentable sugars are important intermediates in the biological conversion of biomass. Hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose are easily hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars in dilute acid, whereas crystalline cellulose is more difficult to be hydrolyzed. Cellulose fast pyrolysis is an alternative method to liberate valuable fermentable sugars from biomass. The amount of levoglucosan generated from lignocellulose by fast pyrolysis is usually lower than the theoretical yield based on the cellulose fraction. Pretreatment is a promising route to improve the yield of levoglucosan from lignocellulose.ResultsThe integration of dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis and fast pyrolysis to obtain fermentable sugars was evaluated in this study. Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis could remove more than 95.1 and 93.4 % of xylan (the main component of hemicellulose) from sugarcane bagasse and corncob with high yield of xylose. On the other hand, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis was also an effective pretreatment to enhance levoglucosan yield from lignocellulose. Dilute acid hydrolysis could accumulate glucan (the component of cellulose) and remove most of the alkali and alkaline earth metals which were powerful catalysts during fast pyrolysis. Further increase in dilute acid concentration (from 0 to 2 %) in pretreatment could promote the yield of levoglucosan in fast pyrolysis. The acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse and corncob gave levoglucosan yields of 43.8 and 35.2 % which were obvious higher than those of raw sugarcane bagasse (12.0 %) and corncob (7.0 %).ConclusionsObtaining fermentable sugars by combination dilute acid hydrolysis of xylan and fast pyrolysis of glucan could make full utilization of biomass, and get fermentable sugars economically from biomass for bio-refinery.
Highlights
Fermentable sugars are important intermediates in the biological conversion of biomass
Component analysis in liquid hydrolysate and compositional analysis in solid residual Various acid concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 % were impregnated for the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and corncob
As the main component of hemicellulose in bagasse, xylan was hydrolyzed to xylose during the acid hydrolysis
Summary
Fermentable sugars are important intermediates in the biological conversion of biomass. Hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose are hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars in dilute acid, whereas crystalline cellulose is more difficult to be hydrolyzed. As the important intermediates in Enzymatic saccharification is generally considered to be a sustainable approach to release fermentable sugars from lignocellulose [6]. High pretreatment and enzyme cost (accounting for one-third of the ethanol production cost from cellulose), slow hydrolysis rate, low product concentration and sensitivity to contaminants originated from other biomass components restrict its economical feasibility and large scale applications [7]. High solid loading leads to unproductive binding of enzyme to substrate and product inhibition, which are stumbling blocks for converting biomass to high concentrations of fermentable sugars. Hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose are and nearly completely hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars accessible to microorganisms for biofuels production. The remained solid residue (mainly contained crystalline cellulose) is more difficult to be hydrolyzed [10]
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