Abstract
The article presents the observation and evaluation method for deformations based on the use of spatial polar intersection, which is implemented by tacheometers. In the classic version, observations are carried out from fixed stations to determine the coordinates of the deformation marks, while the instrument is centered, leveled and oriented. The proposed methodology is based on two technologies for performing work: from fixed points and from free stations. When using fixed points in the first version, the total station is centered, leveled and oriented to a remote target that is the same for all stations. In the second variant, in the absence of a common remote target, measurements are made of the magnetic azimuths of the directions used to orient the instrument. In both cases, it is not necessary to have change points between stations. The option of transit traverse is possible. When observing from free stations without using change point and reference marks, it is proposed to proceed to invariant values for estimating deformations. Such invariants, in particular, are the distances between marks. The results can be used to observe the deformations of various buildings and structures.
Highlights
IntroductionIt is important to obtain displacement vectors and the location of the object points to which these vectors belong (for example, the coordinates of the deformation marks) during observing deformations for analyzing the stability of an object
It is important to obtain displacement vectors and the location of the object points to which these vectors belong during observing deformations for analyzing the stability of an object
The components of the displacement vectors X, Y, Z in this case are equal to the difference of coordinates obtained from the subsequent and previous cycles of observations, since the measurements of the first and subsequent cycles are made in the same coordinate system
Summary
It is important to obtain displacement vectors and the location of the object points to which these vectors belong (for example, the coordinates of the deformation marks) during observing deformations for analyzing the stability of an object. Required accuracy of specified parameters is different. A module and a direction characterize a vector in space. The regulatory documents define the required accuracy of the module’s assessment. There are no tolerances in the direction, which means that an error in estimating the vector direction even by several degrees does not matter in information analyze. The accuracy of positioning the application point of the vector is not normalized, and the indication of its coordinates with errors in centimeters or even decimeters for conclusions about the state of the object is not critical. Taking into account the above in the development process of observation project can significantly influence the technology of field measurements
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