ІНЖЕНЕРНО-ГЕОДЕЗИЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНИХ ЗМІЩЕНЬ БУДІВЕЛЬ ТА СПОРУД НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ПІДГОРЕЦЬКОГО МОНАСТИРЯ

Abstract

The aim of the study is to observe the dynamics of soil movement and deformation of the complex of buildings and structures in the Pidhoretskyi monastery on the basis of geodetic measurements in complex engineering and geological conditions in the protected area, as well as permanent monitoring of vertical displacements for analysis and further recommendations for concerning safe operation of engineering constructions. Due to significant landslides on the slopes of the terrace, the buildings and structures of the Pidhoretskyi monastery are in a state of emergency. To save the architectural monument of the 18th century, which is located on the territory of Plisnetskyi reserve, a reference geodetic planned-height network (proving ground) has been created, which allows to determine the magnitude and direction of soil landslides; to determine the deformation of buildings and structures; to determine the amount of subsidence of structures as well as monitoring these processes. The support network consists of 2 planned-height (source) soil geodetic points for control of six stationary observation stations, 4 of which are located on one top of the mountain slope, and 2 are on the other. The height basis is created by leveling of the II class. Planned-height network consists of eight lines: some are designed and laid parallel to the church buildings, others are directed towards the ravines to determine the dynamics of their movement. A total of 87 reinforcing marks for linear - angular observations are laid. To observe the deformations of buildings and structures, 35 external wall signs (benchmarks) were laid in the foundations of the buildings, 20 were laid in the retaining wall and 22 internal signs (dowels) were laid in the stone floor of the church. The total number of all wall signs are 77. We proposed the manufacture of polymer poles on the ground from the polymer pipes, with which we fixed all points of the planned height network. The convenience of their use is due to the fact that they meet the requirements of the instructions and they can be used in the territories of cultural heritage sites of national importance, without violating the Law of Ukraine. Centers can be made from improvised materials quickly and conveniently; their cost is quite low; ease and forced centering of devices and reflectors above the signs eliminates centering errors. Research methods. Geometric leveling of the second class with Ni-002 level and observation of displacements in the targets was performed at the proving ground. Research results. For the first time on the territory of Pidhoretskyi monastery a stationary geodetic proving ground was created for permanent observations of soil movements, deformations of buildings and structures. The points of the proving ground are laid down by the proposed types of centers. On the basis of geodetic observations, uneven and uniform subsidence of the marks of the studied buildings and structures, displacement of points of alignment were determined; maps of vertical movements of the earth's surface of the territory of the Pidhoretskyi monastery were created.