Improving the low temperature NO x reduction activity over a Ag-Al 2O 3 catalyst

Abstract

Silver-alumina (Ag-Al 2O 3) catalysts are susceptible to deactivation by nitrates and/or carbon species deposition, especially at low temperatures. A prototype catalyst (PC) was used to cleanse the diesel exhaust by reducing potential catalyst poisoning species and possibly generate more reactive species which would aid the SCR catalyst NO x reduction activity. The PC was located upstream the SCR catalyst and its influence on the passive SCR catalyst NO x activity was dependant on the engine exhaust gas temperature, hydrogen concentration (50–5000 ppm) and space velocity (SV). Nevertheless, the PC was found to have significant influence on the reduction of HCs, CO and particulate matter (PM) across all engine operating conditions. During HC-SCR at low temperatures, there was sufficient HC species available for the reduction of NO x (peaking at ∼80%) over the Ag-Al 2O 3 catalyst. However, there was a decrease in NO x conversion at higher engine exhaust gas temperatures, attributed to the reduced HC concentrations relative to the NO x produced by the engine and also the HC oxidation reaction being more predominant over the HC-NO x reduction reaction. At these particular conditions the active injection of HC species (engine fuel) was necessary for improved NO x reduction activity over the Ag-based SCR catalyst. HC speciation in the exhaust gas shows that the PC reduces small chain HCs but has small influence in reduction of toluene and >C7 hydrocarbons. Of the three investigated space velocities, the best NO x conversion was observed for the medium value of ∼20,000 h −1. The lower (15,000 h −1) and higher (25,000 h −1) space velocities yielded results that were similar to those without the use of the PC. Hence, a careful balance between exhaust gas temperature, SV and reactants is therefore necessary for the best NO x reduction activity.