Abstract

Social inclusion poses challenges in many areas, especially regarding immigrants. This study contributes to the understanding of the multidimensional nature of livelihoods of immigrants and non-immigrants and their associated satisfaction, with an empirical study of Nansha Special Economic Zone in China. Overall levels of immigrants’ livelihoods were found to be lower than those of non-immigrants, especially in the social and physical dimensions. Immigrants with higher livelihood capital were more satisfied than those with lower livelihood capital, and they were generally less satisfied with their livelihoods than non-immigrants at similar livelihood levels. These results advance our understanding of the situations of immigrants compared to non-immigrants, informing the policy-making process better dealing with provisions to improve living conditions in desired ways towards socially inclusive development.

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