Improving gas separation performances of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-based carbon molecular sieve membrane by tuning furan ring opening and membrane structures

Abstract

Carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs) have exhibited significant potential in gas separation applications, particularly in the realm of hydrogen and carbon dioxide separation. Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) represents a cost-efficient and sustainable precursor utilized in the synthesis of CMSMs. Nonetheless, PFA-based CMSMs have exhibited suboptimal performance and frequently necessitate supplementary supporting layers. In the present investigation, we have explored various acids as catalysts for the in-situ self-polymerization of PFA. Our findings reveal that PFA membrane catalyzed by sulfuric acid exhibits the most favorable performance, yielding a hydrogen permeability of 1394.4 Barrer and a H2/CH4 selectivity of 404.1. These values exceed the Robeson upper limits established in 2019. The enhanced gas separation performance of the sulfuric acid catalyzed PFA-based CMSM could be attributed to the increased furan ring opening and higher polymerization degree achieved through this catalytic process. Furthermore, our investigation delved into the addition of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) into the PFA membrane, yielding a CMSM featuring both dense and porous layers. With the addition of 6 wt% SAN in PFA membrane, the resulting CMSM exhibited a hydrogen permeability of 3126.4 Barrer, underscoring the potential for high-performance CMSMs made from the economical PFA precursor. The optimization of the PFA polymerization process and the incorporation of SAN, hold the promise of further elevating the performance of PFA-based CMSMs, and these advancements will substantially contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient gas separation technologies.