Abstract
Fixed-Cone valves are often used to dissipate energy and regulate flow at the low level outlet works of dams. Fixed-Cone valves, also known as Howell-Bunger valves, create an expanding conical jet allowing the energy of the water to dissipate over a large area. However, in many applications constructing the large stilling basin necessary for these valves is either not possible or not feasible. In order to reduce the relative size of the stilling basin, hoods or concrete containment structures have been used in conjunction with Fixed-Cone valves. This paper discusses the use of baffles in concrete containment structures in order to dissipate energy in a considerably confined space. It was determined that using baffles, in place of a deflector ring and end sill (Used in traditional containment structures.), significantly improves the function of containment structures by reducing downstream flow velocities and improving flow patterns and stability. This information will be useful to engineers allowing them to minimize scour and erosion associated with concrete containment structures.
Highlights
The Howell-Bunger valve, known as the FixedCone valve, is often used to reduce energy in the water exiting the low level outlet works of a dam
In order to reduce the relative size of the stilling basin, hoods or concrete containment structures have been used in conjunction with Fixed-Cone valves
A study was conducted at Utah State University at the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL) to determine if there was a more effective and economical containment structure that could be used with Fixed-Cone valves
Summary
The Howell-Bunger valve, known as the FixedCone valve, is often used to reduce energy in the water exiting the low level outlet works of a dam. This reduction of energy must happen in order to avoid erosion at the toe of dam or in downstream channels. The valve causes the water exiting to expand out radially creating a conical spray It is common for the water exiting the valve to exit at either 45 or 30 degrees measured from an axis that extends perpendicular from the pipe. This is primarily due to the fact that the water exiting a Fixed-Cone valve expands out in every direction allowing a large flow surface to be in contact with the atmosphere [1]
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