Improvements in the efficiency of p-type bifacial Si solar cells with a rear Cu electrode using galvanic replacement reactions

Abstract

A novel method for fabricating the base metal Cu in an air atmosphere was successfully developed based on thick film screen printing of Al pastes and galvanic replacement reactions. The first thick film screen printed Cu electrode with high conductivity (<10−6 Ω-cm), which is comparable to thick film Ag electrode, was successfully made in air firing instead of reducing atmosphere firing.