Abstract
The Rio Castle in Greece is located on the coast, and originally its moat was open to the sea both to the east and the west. Over the years, the western opening was blocked due to sediment accretion, and nowadays the moat functions as a semi-enclosed hydrodynamic system with weak water renewal. The objective of this work is to assess the present moat condition and demonstrate that the placement of a culvert to connect the western side of the moat to the sea will improve the hydrodynamic circulation in the moat. The study is based on numerical simulations of wind-wave forcing using MIKE 21/3. The results verify the weak water renewal in the present situation. The placement of the culvert induces a dominant flow path with strong currents in the moat and improves the water renewal rate significantly; the entire water volume is fully replenished after 18–32 h depending on wind direction.
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