Abstract
The creation of algorithms for the detection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on the analysis of acoustic signals is an actual problem of the present. To solve such problem, it is necessary to correctly take into account the conditions for the propagation of acoustic signals in the atmosphere, as well as the characteristics of UAV flight, the height of which can vary up to several kilometers, and the speed can reach 200 km/h.The purpose of this study is to improve the UAV detection method by the results of spectral analysis of their acoustic signal. The investigations of the spectrum of acoustic signals from various types of UAV showed the presence of several characteristic harmonics in it. The criterion for a reliable detection of UAV is finding at least three characteristic harmonics in a received acoustic signal. The input values for this algorithm are samples of the input acoustic signal passing through the bandpass filter. To represent the signal in the frequency domain, the method of spectral estimation based on the periodogram without a window function has been selected.In this work the improved method and the complex layout for detection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based on the results of spectral analysis of acoustic signals are proposed. To implement the proposed algorithm, a specialized software and mathematical support for detecting an acoustic signal from the UAV were created. They allow with high reliability to detect an acoustic signal from the UAV at distances of about 1 kilometer. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified using the layout of the acoustic detection complex in real conditions. Unmanned aerial systems "Fury" and "Leleka 100" were used in the experiment.Thus, it is shown that the acoustic signal created by UAV can be represented as the sum of harmonic components. The criterion for a reliable detection of UAV is finding at least three characteristic harmonics in a received acoustic signal.
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