IMPROVEMENT OF THE SHAKER FOR FRUIT PICKING

Abstract

Fruits and berries are valuable foods that provide the necessary for human consumption: sugars, proteins, fats, mineral salts, organic acids,pectin, tannins and other substances, vitamins. Also raw materials for the food industry, which are used to make juices, jams, marmalades, jams. Due to the crisis, which covered all areas of human activity in Ukraine, the average annual consumption of fruits and berries per unit of population is less than 50% of the biologically justified norm; the area of orchards is 2.7% of the total area of agricultural land (0.8 million hectares), of which 60% is apple orchards. Improving the situation is possible through the intensification of horticulture - obtaining maximum annual yields through the introduction of the latest advances in science and technology, including in the field of mechanization of fruit production. The most time-consuming operation in the technological process of fruit production is harvesting, which, in particular for apples, accounts for 15-40% of the total cost of garden care. It can be emphasized that the cost of growing apples is 92 times higher than for a similar area of cereals. The solution to this problem is possible through the introduction of fruit harvesters, the use of which allows to increase productivity by 3.7-12.6 times, to release an average of 50 people. per day from the use of one machine and reduce operating costs by 30-50% compared to manual assembly. The most widespread at present for fruit harvesting, as evidenced by the trends of the world agricultural machinery industry, are stem vibrating machines of positional action with inertial linear working bodies. At the same time, the use of serial fruiting means, due to the impersonal process of removal, causes damage to trees and fruits, which are suitable mainly for technical processing or urgent sale in fresh form; the productivity of serial fruit harvesters is relatively low.