Improvement of polarization lifetime by using wafer-level micro spherical rubidium vapor cells for chip-scale atomic magnetometers

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The paper presents a novel design for chip-scale atomic magnetometers using a micro spherical rubidium vapor cell. By modeling and calculation, it was found that compared with the traditional planar rubidium vapor cell with approximately the same internal volume and buffer gas pressure, the micro spherical rubidium vapor cell was demonstrated with improved polarization lifetime and optical length. Experiments show that chip-scale atomic magnetometers based on the micro spherical cell has a significantly improved signal to noise(S/N) and sensitivity for both 85Rb and 87Rb. The wafer-level micro spherical rubidium vapor cells are also of interests for applications on chip-scale atomic clocks, gyroscope, vector microwave electrometries and other quantum sensors.