Improvement of Drought Resistance of Osteospermum ecklonis Plants as a Physiological and Biochemical Response to Low Doses of UV-C Irradiation

Abstract

Osteospermum ecklonis DC. NORL. is native to South Africa and is fully adapted to the Mediterranean climate. The aim of the study was to elucidate morphological and developmental changes in O. ecklonis plants associated with drought resistance in response to low doses of UV-C. Growth responses under three levels of drought stress (NW: normal watering, MD: moderate drought stress and SD: severe drought) were recorded. The results showed that 1 kJ m−2 UV-C significantly (p < 0.05) increased resistance to water stress without affecting growth and development or damaging photosystem II. Fresh weights of the upper parts and the root system of the irradiated plants were maintained at similar levels to those of the non-irradiated control plants. Fv/Fm values in the irradiated plants ranged from 0.73 to 0.82 depending on the stress level, while in the non-irradiated plants, the values ranged from 0.69 to 0.83. Differences between UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated plants were recorded in electrolyte leakage (EL), in malondialdehyde (MDA) and in relative water content (RWC) at all drought levels. The EL percentage of the non-irradiated plants at SD was 19.7%, while in the irradiated plants, it was 17.8%. RWC rates in the irradiated plants ranged between 60.6 and 76.4%, while in the non-irradiated plants, they ranged from 54.2 to 63.6%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased with UV-C irradiation, suggesting that antioxidant responses were induced and protected cell membranes from lipid peroxidation and damage. The results of the present study showed that UV-C irradiation at 1 kJ m−2 alleviated the drought symptoms of O. ecklonis by reducing oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation.