Abstract

宏观尺度上, 气象数据空间插值模拟在气象科学和草地科学研究中一直占据重要的位置。为进一步提高其精度和增强草地类型划分空间分异效果, 本研究在多元回归+残差分析(Analytic Method Based on Multiple Regression and Residues, AMMRR)插值法中增加微地形因子(坡度和坡向), 用普通克里金(OK)函数替换反距离加权(IDW)函数进行残差分析以建立改进型的多元回归+残差分析(I-AMMRR)插值法, 并将其应用于内蒙古自治区>0 ℃年积温(Σθ)、年降水量(<i>r</i>)和湿润度(<i>K</i>)的空间插值模拟。依据草地综合顺序分类系统(Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System of Rangeland, CSCS)原理和I-AMMRR插值技术, 对内蒙古自治区草地进行分类, 并研制了相应的草地综合顺序分类图。研究结果表明: (1)I-AMMRR插值法模拟Σθ和r的绝对平均误差(<i>MAE</i>)、相对平均误差(<i>RME</i>)和均方根误差(<i>RMSE</i>)均小于AMMRR法, 其精度更高。(2)I-AMMRR插值法模拟的内蒙古自治区Σθ、<i>r</i>和<i>K</i>的空间分布格局呈现水平和垂直地带性分布规律, Σθ自东南向西北递增, <i>r</i>和<i>K</i>与Σθ相反。(3)内蒙古自治区草地被划分为从ⅢF38(微温潮湿针叶阔叶混交林类)到ⅢA3(温暖极干温带荒漠类)共计17个草地综合顺序类。其中ⅢB10(微温干旱温带半荒漠类)分布面积最大, ⅣE32(暖温湿润落叶阔叶林类)最小。草地植被空间分布的水平和垂直地带性明显, 与内蒙古自治区植被调查结果基本吻合。

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